{"id":967,"date":"2026-10-14T09:15:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T07:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.controlaudit.es\/?page_id=967"},"modified":"2026-10-21T08:52:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T06:52:44","slug":"expert-evidence","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.controlaudit.es\/en\/services\/expert-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic expert evidence and forensic accounting"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"967\" class=\"elementor elementor-967 elementor-35\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d71d7 e-con-full ca-sec ca-hero ca-left e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e0d71d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbd3eb e-con-full ca-wrap e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1cbd3eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc54550 e-con-full ca-split e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc54550\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a2d718 e-con-full ca-gap24 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a2d718\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd6993f ca-crumbs elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd6993f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"\/en\/\">Home<\/a> &nbsp;\/&nbsp; <a href=\"\/en\/services\/\">Services<\/a> &nbsp;\/&nbsp; Expert witness and forensic services<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c68090e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c68090e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-pill\">Defend <b>05<\/b><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25d876c ca-h1 ca-md ca-dot elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25d876c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Economic expert evidence and forensic accounting<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eee2eda ca-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eee2eda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We prepare independent, technically sound economic, accounting and forensic expert reports, and we defend them in court.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa075be e-con-full ca-btns e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fa075be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbcede0 ca-btn ca-red elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"dbcede0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/en\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Request a proposal \u2192<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f017c35 ca-btn ca-glass elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f017c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"tel:+34965929757\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">965 929 757<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1158fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1158fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-facts\"><div><small>Area<\/small><b>Defend<\/b><\/div><div><small>Coverage<\/small><b>Throughout Spain<\/b><\/div><div><small>Framework<\/small><b>LEC \u00b7 LECrim<\/b><\/div><div><small>Firm<\/small><b>ROAC no. S1604<\/b><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7243843 e-con-full ca-sec ca-light ca-round e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7243843\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"contenido\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab0747 e-con-full ca-wrap e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8ab0747\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1248db4 e-con-full ca-ficha e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1248db4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7bbb67 e-con-full ca-toc e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e7bbb67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-654f729 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"654f729\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"On this page\"><p>On this page<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"#que-es\">What it is<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#para-quien\">Who it is for<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#marco-legal\">Legal framework<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#incluye\">What it includes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#como-trabajamos\">How we work<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#documentacion\">Documentation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#preguntas\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#base-legal\">Legal basis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#articulos\">Articles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"ca-toc-cta\" href=\"\/en\/contact\/\">Request a proposal \u2192<\/a><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4d6168 e-con-full ca-ficha-main ca-gap24 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4d6168\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-848ff45 e-con-full ca-answer animated-normal e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"848ff45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f1e5989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<b class=\"k\">In brief<\/b>Economic expert evidence brings to the proceedings the accounting and financial expertise the judge needs to assess facts or quantify amounts. In civil proceedings it is governed by arts. 335 et seq. of the Spanish Civil Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil, LEC), which require the expert to declare that he or she is acting with the greatest possible objectivity; in criminal proceedings, by the Spanish Criminal Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, LECrim). We act in court, arbitration and insolvency proceedings and in fraud investigations.\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fc78f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4fc78f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ca-rev\"><span class=\"ca-rev-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2713<\/span><span>Reviewed by Controlaudit's audit team \u00b7 Firm registered with the ROAC under no. S1604 \u00b7 Updated 13 October 2026<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f14808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8f14808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"que-es\">What it involves<\/h2><p>An <strong>economic expert report<\/strong> is a technical opinion that analyses facts with economic significance (balances, flows of money, results, values, damages) and explains them clearly to whoever has to decide: a judge, an arbitrator or the company itself. Its usefulness depends on two things: the technical rigour of the analysis and the expert's ability to defend it against questions and objections.<\/p><p>At Controlaudit we specialise in economic expert evidence and forensic accounting. Our team brings together experts in finance, accounting and auditing, and we work with professionals in technical fields such as cybersecurity, engineering or the environment when the matter requires it. We assist companies, law firms and courts in judicial and arbitration proceedings, insolvency and pre-insolvency processes, and in the prevention and investigation of fraud.<\/p><p><strong>Forensic<\/strong> work goes a step further than accounting expertise: it reconstructs transactions, follows the money (cash tracing), identifies irregularities, and obtains and safeguards digital evidence so that it can be used in proceedings. We prepare fully defensible expert reports, economic and financial opinions, accounting verifications and economic valuations.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f708e6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f708e6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"para-quien\">Who it is for<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"ca-checks\"><li>Law firms that need to quantify a claim or rebut the opposing party's expert report.<\/li><li>Companies that suspect internal fraud, misappropriation of funds or accounting irregularities.<\/li><li>Shareholders and directors in corporate disputes: accountability, distribution of profits or the value of shareholdings.<\/li><li>Parties to claims for damages and loss of profit arising from breach of contract or unlawful acts.<\/li><li>Buyers and sellers in disputes over price adjustments, completion accounts or warranties following the sale and purchase of a company.<\/li><li>Creditors, debtors and practitioners involved in insolvency and pre-insolvency proceedings.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84306e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"84306e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"marco-legal\">Legal framework<\/h2><p><strong>Civil proceedings.<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2000-323#a335' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Art. 335 of the Spanish Civil Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil)<\/a> allows the parties to submit expert reports where scientific, technical or practical knowledge is needed to assess relevant facts. When issuing the report, the expert must state, under oath or affirmation to tell the truth, that he or she has acted and will act with the <strong>greatest possible objectivity<\/strong>, taking into account both what may favour and what may harm any of the parties, and that he or she is aware of the criminal penalties that could be incurred for breach of that duty.<\/p><p>Party-appointed expert reports are submitted with the statement of claim or the defence (art. 336). If that is not possible, they must be announced in those pleadings and submitted as soon as they are available and, in any event, five days before the pre-trial hearing in ordinary proceedings or within thirty days of the statement of claim or defence in verbal proceedings (art. 337.1). The parties may also ask the court to appoint an expert (art. 339). Experts must hold the official qualification relevant to the subject matter and be recognised experts in it (art. 340).<\/p><p>At trial, the expert may be called to present or explain the report, answer questions and objections on method, premises and conclusions, and face criticism from the opposing expert (arts. 337.2 and 347). Party-appointed experts cannot be recused, but they can be challenged (tacha) on grounds such as kinship with the parties or an interest in the matter (arts. 124 and 343). The court weighs expert reports according to the rules of <strong>sound judgement<\/strong> (sana cr\u00edtica) (art. 348).<\/p><p><strong>Criminal proceedings.<\/strong> The <a href='https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1882-6036#a456' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Spanish Criminal Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal)<\/a> provides for expert reports during the investigation phase when scientific or artistic knowledge is required (arts. 456 et seq.) and for experts to give evidence at trial, where they answer questions and cross-examination from the parties (arts. 723 to 725).<\/p><p><strong>Insolvency proceedings (concurso de acreedores).<\/strong> The <a href='https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2020-4859' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Spanish Consolidated Insolvency Act (TRLC)<\/a> gives rise to issues in which economic expert evidence is common, such as determining the date of insolvency, analysing transactions prior to the insolvency proceedings or the company's financial development.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"ca-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Situation<\/th><th>Rule<\/th><th>What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Party-appointed expert report in civil proceedings<\/th><td>Arts. 335 to 337 LEC<\/td><td>Oath of objectivity; submission with the statement of claim or defence or, if that is not possible, within the deadlines of art. 337.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Court-appointed expert<\/th><td>Arts. 339 and 346 LEC<\/td><td>Appointment at a party's request; written report and possible appearance at trial or hearing.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Expert requirements<\/th><td>Art. 340 LEC<\/td><td>Official qualification relevant to the subject matter and proven experience.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Appearance at trial<\/th><td>Arts. 347 and 348 LEC<\/td><td>Explanation, questions, objections and criticism from the opposing expert; assessment according to sound judgement.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Challenges to party-appointed experts<\/th><td>Arts. 124 and 343 LEC<\/td><td>Grounds such as kinship, interest in the matter or dependence on one of the parties.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Criminal proceedings<\/th><td>Arts. 456 et seq. and 723 to 725 LECrim<\/td><td>Expert report during the investigation and examination of experts at trial.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ec365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"13ec365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"incluye\">What is included<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"ca-inc\"><div><h3>Court and arbitration proceedings<\/h3><p>Economic and accounting reports for civil, commercial and criminal proceedings and arbitrations: analysis of balances and movements, determination of results and equity, and contractual settlements.<\/p><\/div><div><h3>Insolvency and pre-insolvency<\/h3><p>Analysis of financial and equity developments, the date and causes of insolvency and transactions prior to the insolvency proceedings, as well as economic support in restructuring processes.<\/p><\/div><div><h3>Fraud investigation<\/h3><p>Detection and analysis of accounting irregularities, misappropriation, fictitious invoicing and conflicts of interest, with quantification of the loss and proposed control improvements.<\/p><\/div><div><h3>Cash tracing<\/h3><p>Reconstructing the money trail through bank accounts, companies and third parties to identify where funds went and whether they can be recovered.<\/p><\/div><div><h3>Digital evidence<\/h3><p>Obtaining, preserving and safeguarding electronic evidence (emails, accounting files, databases) with integrity guarantees, in collaboration with cybersecurity specialists.<\/p><\/div><div><h3>Damages and loss of profit<\/h3><p>Quantification of actual loss and loss of profit, price adjustments and warranties in company sales and purchases, and economic valuations for use in proceedings.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e309b04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"e309b04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"como-trabajamos\">How we work<\/h2><\/div><ol class=\"ca-steps ca-steps-n\"><li><b>01<\/b><h3>Preliminary analysis and conflicts<\/h3><p>We study the matter, the subject of the expert report and the procedural deadlines, and check that there are no conflicts of interest or circumstances compromising our independence or objectivity.<\/p><\/li><li><b>02<\/b><h3>Defining the engagement<\/h3><p>We agree with the client and their lawyer the questions the report must answer, the documentation needed and the timetable for meeting the submission deadlines.<\/p><\/li><li><b>03<\/b><h3>Obtaining and analysing information<\/h3><p>Review of the accounting records, bank documentation, contracts and digital evidence, with traceability of every piece of data used. The timeframe depends on the volume of information.<\/p><\/li><li><b>04<\/b><h3>Issuing the report<\/h3><p>Written report setting out the purpose, sources, methodology, analysis and conclusions, together with the statement of objectivity required by law.<\/p><\/li><li><b>05<\/b><h3>Ratification and defence at trial<\/h3><p>Preparation and appearance at the trial, hearing or arbitration hearing to explain the report and answer questions from the parties and the court.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd869a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"fd869a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"documentacion\">Documentation and deliverables<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"ca-docs\"><div><h3>What we will ask you for<\/h3><ul><li>Statement of claim, defence and other relevant pleadings, or a description of the dispute if proceedings have not yet begun.<\/li><li>Accounting records for the years concerned: journals and general ledgers, trial balances and annual accounts.<\/li><li>Bank statements and supporting documents for receipts and payments.<\/li><li>Contracts, invoices, orders and correspondence relating to the facts.<\/li><li>The opposing party's expert reports, if any.<\/li><li>Minutes of corporate bodies and corporate documentation in the case of shareholder disputes.<\/li><li>Digital media or system access where electronic evidence needs to be obtained.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3>What you will receive<\/h3><ul><li>Economic or forensic expert report, signed and including the statement of objectivity under art. 335.2 LEC when submitted in civil proceedings.<\/li><li>Appendices with calculations, sources and traceability of the information used.<\/li><li>Review or rebuttal report on the opposing party's expert report, if engaged.<\/li><li>Ratification and defence of the report at the trial, hearing or arbitration hearing.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a175f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"56a175f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"preguntas\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a56dd ca-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"f7a56dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">What is an economic expert report?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2591\"><p>It is a report prepared by an expert in accounting, finance or auditing that analyses facts with economic significance and quantifies amounts so that the judge or arbitrator can assess them. In civil proceedings it is governed by arts. 335 et seq. of the Spanish Civil Procedure Act.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">When must the expert report be submitted in civil proceedings?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2592\"><p>As a general rule, with the statement of claim or the defence. If that is not possible, it must be announced in those pleadings and submitted as soon as it is available and, in any event, five days before the pre-trial hearing in ordinary proceedings or within thirty days of the statement of claim or defence in verbal proceedings (art. 337.1 LEC).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Is a party-appointed expert independent?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2593\"><p>Although engaged by one of the parties, the expert is required by law to declare under oath or affirmation that he or she is acting with the greatest possible objectivity, taking into account what favours and what harms each party (art. 335.2 LEC). In addition, the expert can be challenged if he or she has an interest in the matter or a relationship with the parties. A biased report loses credibility before the court.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">What does ratifying the expert report mean?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2594\"><p>It is the expert&#8217;s appearance at the trial or hearing to confirm the report, explain it and answer questions and objections from the parties and the court. The Spanish Civil Procedure Act governs this appearance in arts. 337.2 and 347.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">What is cash tracing?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2595\"><p>It means following the money trail: movements of funds between accounts, companies and individuals are reconstructed to identify where they came from and where they went. It is common in fraud investigations, corporate disputes and insolvency proceedings.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">How is loss of profit calculated?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2596\"><p>It is an estimate of the profit that was not earned as a result of the harmful event, comparing the actual situation with the one that would have existed without it. It requires historical data, reasonable assumptions and the deduction of costs that were not in fact incurred.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2597\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2597\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Can you act as experts in a matter concerning a company you audit?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2597\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2597\"><p>Before accepting any expert witness engagement, we analyse potential conflicts of interest and the independence requirements of audit legislation. If there is a conflict or a ground for challenge, we will not accept the engagement.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2598\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2598\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Can you act before courts throughout Spain?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2598\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2598\"><p>Yes. We take on engagements throughout Spain, appearing in person or, where the court so decides, by videoconference.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is an economic expert report?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>It is a report prepared by an expert in accounting, finance or auditing that analyses facts with economic significance and quantifies amounts so that the judge or arbitrator can assess them. In civil proceedings it is governed by arts. 335 et seq. of the Spanish Civil Procedure Act.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When must the expert report be submitted in civil proceedings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>As a general rule, with the statement of claim or the defence. 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A biased report loses credibility before the court.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does ratifying the expert report mean?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>It is the expert&#8217;s appearance at the trial or hearing to confirm the report, explain it and answer questions and objections from the parties and the court. The Spanish Civil Procedure Act governs this appearance in arts. 337.2 and 347.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is cash tracing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>It means following the money trail: movements of funds between accounts, companies and individuals are reconstructed to identify where they came from and where they went. It is common in fraud investigations, corporate disputes and insolvency proceedings.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is loss of profit calculated?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>It is an estimate of the profit that was not earned as a result of the harmful event, comparing the actual situation with the one that would have existed without it. It requires historical data, reasonable assumptions and the deduction of costs that were not in fact incurred.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can you act as experts in a matter concerning a company you audit?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Before accepting any expert witness engagement, we analyse potential conflicts of interest and the independence requirements of audit legislation. If there is a conflict or a ground for challenge, we will not accept the engagement.<\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can you act before courts throughout Spain?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>Yes. We take on engagements throughout Spain, appearing in person or, where the court so decides, by videoconference.<\\\/p>\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1744dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1744dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"base-legal\">Legal basis<\/h2><p>Legislation cited on this page, linked to its official text:<\/p><\/div><ul class=\"ca-law\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2000-323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 1\/2000 of 7 January, Spanish Civil Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil) (arts. 124, 335 to 348)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1882-6036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Royal Decree of 14 September 1882, Spanish Criminal Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal) (arts. 456 et seq. and 723 to 725)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2020-4859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2020, Spanish Consolidated Insolvency Act (TRLC)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-8147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish Audit Act (Law 22\/2015 of 20 July)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"ca-note\">General information updated on 13\/10\/2026. It is not a substitute for an analysis of your specific case.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bae842 ca-rel-w elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3bae842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"ca-prose\"><h2 id=\"articulos\">Related articles<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"ca-rel\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.controlaudit.es\/en\/blog\/inactive-companies-not-filing-accounts\/\"><small>20\/10\/2026 \u00b7 Distressed companies and corporate transactions<\/small><b>Almost two million inactive companies that do not file accounts: what their directors risk<\/b><span>Read article \u2192<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.controlaudit.es\/en\/blog\/alicante-footwear-viability-restructuring\/\"><small>05\/10\/2026 \u00b7 Distressed companies and corporate transactions<\/small><b>Footwear crisis in Elche and Elda: financial indicators for acting in time<\/b><span>Read article \u2192<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.controlaudit.es\/en\/blog\/auditor-report-capital-increase-debt-conversion\/\"><small>02\/10\/2026 \u00b7 Distressed companies and corporate transactions<\/small><b>Capital increase by offsetting receivables: the auditor&#8217;s report under art. 301 LSC<\/b><span>Read article \u2192<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d25ecb e-con-full ca-sec e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d25ecb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf70a21 e-con-full ca-wrap e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bf70a21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9bc1f e-con-full ca-mb56 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1f9bc1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7f000a ca-eyebrow elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7f000a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related services<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff006af ca-h2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff006af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">You may also be interested in<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c7651b e-con-full ca-grid3 e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5c7651b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-168b00b e-con-full ca-card animated-normal e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"168b00b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" href=\"\/en\/services\/annual-accounts-audit\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f69e16d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f69e16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"M7 15l4-4 3 3 5-6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665082c ca-card-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"665082c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Audit of annual accounts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c687d3d ca-card-p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c687d3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We audit financial statements to the highest standards of quality and professional rigour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0216c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"dc0216c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-tags\"><span>Mandatory audit<\/span><span>Voluntary audit<\/span><span>Consolidated accounts<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-297a72e ca-gowrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"297a72e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d745a e-con-full ca-card animated-normal e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d1d745a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" href=\"\/en\/services\/public-sector-audit\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51f4e48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"51f4e48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 21h18M5 21V10l7-5 7 5v11M9 21v-6h6v6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f856eaf ca-card-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f856eaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Public sector audit<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e1e2c ca-card-p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46e1e2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Specialist audit in accordance with the auditing standards for the Spanish public sector (NIA-ES-SP).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a634671 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a634671\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-tags\"><span>Financial and accounting assistance to local authorities<\/span><span>Asset management for local authorities<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04ff51 ca-gowrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c04ff51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-480baaf e-con-full ca-card animated-normal e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"480baaf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" href=\"\/en\/services\/special-reports\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238a76e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"238a76e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14 3H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v14a2 2 0 002 2h12a2 2 0 002-2V9z\"\/><path d=\"M14 3v6h6M8 13h8M8 17h5\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447d9e4 ca-card-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"447d9e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Special reports<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-533f608 ca-card-p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"533f608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A wide range of special reports and assurance services tailored to your needs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c1d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"87c1d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ca-tags\"><span>Review engagements (ISRE 2400)<\/span><span>Agreed-upon procedures (ISRS 4400)<\/span><span>Capital increases and reductions<\/span><span>Debt-to-equity conversions<\/span><span>Contributions in kind<\/span><span>Company conversions<\/span><span>Mergers and divisions<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3064cb5 ca-gowrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3064cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ca-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c70dc0 e-con-full ca-cta e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5c70dc0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ac2577 e-con-full ca-cta-box animated-normal e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1ac2577\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e314fbc ca-h2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e314fbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Request your proposal for expert witness and forensic services<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4d8e6c ca-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4d8e6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tell us about your situation and one of the firm&#8217;s auditors will contact you.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ca9c7 e-con-full ca-btns ca-center e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"77ca9c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dc9e53 ca-btn ca-white elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6dc9e53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/en\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Request a proposal \u2192<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-276dc1e ca-btn ca-glass elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"276dc1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"tel:+34965929757\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">965 929 757<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Economic and forensic expert reports for civil, criminal, insolvency and arbitration proceedings: fraud, cash tracing, damages and loss of profit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":770,"parent":936,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":"","_elementor_version":"4.3.4","_wp_page_template":"elementor_header_footer"},"class_list":["post-967","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Economic expert evidence in Spain | Controlaudit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Economic and forensic expert reports for civil, criminal, 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